Key: The Palaearctic species of Sylvicola (Diptera: Anisopodidae)
A key based on the works by Krivosheina & Menzel (1998), Haenni (1997) and Søli (1992).
References
Haenni, J.-P., 1997. Anisopodidae (Diptera) de la faune de Suisse, avec la description d'une espèce nouvelle. - Mitteilungen der Schweizerischen Entomologische Gesellschaft 70: 177-186. Krivosheina, N.P., & F. Menzel, 1998. The Palaearctic species of the genus Sylvicola Harris, 1776 (Diptera, Anisopodidae). - Beiträge zur Entomologie 48(1): 201-217. Michelsen, V., 1999. Wood gnats of the genus Sylvicola (Diptera, Anisopodidae): taxonomic status, family assignment, and review of nominal species described by J.C. Fabricius. - Tijdschrift voor Entomologie 142(1): 69-75. (PDF) Søli, G.E.E., 1992. The Norwegian species of Sylvicola Harris, 1776 (Diptera: Anisopodidae). - Fauna Norvegica, Serie B 39: 49-54.
Last modified 08/01/2021 11:24 by Paul Beuk	No of couplets: 11

Key (online version)
1a	The bases of veins M1 and M2 arising from the discal cell at the same point, if a crossvein between them is present, then it is no more and 1/4-1/6 as long as the crossvein between M2 and M3 [Fig. 54]. Males holoptic [Fig. 39]. Distal part of R4+5 without dark marking. Male genitalia with basal ring that has a deep anteroventral concavity; hypoproct consisting of single, narrow lobe or of two lobes that are joint at the bases; claspers thin and S-shaped [Fig. 56]. subg. Anisopus Meigen	2
b	Veins M1 and M2 arising separately from the discal cell, the distance between their bases at least 2/3 the length of the crossvein between M2 and M3 [Fig. 36]. Male holoptic or dichoptic. Distal part of R4+5 with dark marking of varying intensity. Basal ring of male genitalia without anteroventral concavity; hypoproct broad, either with or without shallow posterior concavity; claspers not developed [Fig. 28]. subg. Sylvicola Harris	5
2a	Wing with dark band posterior of R2+3 [Fig. 49]. Hypoproct with two broad, finger-like lobes [Fig. 48][Fig. 47]. S. (A.) punctatus (Fabricius, 1787)
b	Wing without dark marking posterior of R2+3 [Fig. 54]. Hypoproct differently shaped [Fig. 56][Fig. 42].	3
3a	Hypoproct with one pointed lobe; apex of gonocoxite with small oval plate that is beset with short setae [Fig. 56][Fig. 55]. Female frons almost as wide as eye width (5 : 6). S. (A.) fuscatoides Michelsen, 1999
b	Hypoproct with paired, apically tapering lobes; apex of gonocoxites with strongly sclerotized plate that is beset with long, golden setae [Fig. 42][Fig. 53]. Female frons distinctly narrower than eye (2 : 3).	4
4a	Lobes of hypoproct rather slender and adjoining apically [Fig. 42][Fig. 40]; sclerotized plates on apices of gonocoxites with long internal projection, long golden setae only present on basal half and forming a tuft [Fig. 41]. [Female: Halters dark with pale knob. Wing with distance between R1 and R2+3 about twice as long as the distance between R2+3 and R4+5; discal cell pointed. [Fig. 43]]. S. (A.) stackelbergi Krivosheina & Menzel, 1998
b	Lobes of hypoproct broader and shorter, apically somewhat diverging [Fig. 53][Fig. 52]; sclerotized plates on apices of gonocoxites without projection, simple, with rows of inwardly curved setae along its whole length, setae more or less forming a comb [Fig. 50]. [Female: Halters pale. Wing with distance between R1 and R2+3 about three times as long as the distance between R2+3 and R4+5; discal cell truncate [Fig. 54].] S. (A.) fuscatus (Fabricius, 1775)
5a	Wing with weakly developed yellowish spots on the apex of R4+5 and in middle of cell r1; wing membrane not darkened posterior of R2+3 [Fig. 18]. Eyes widely separated in males and females, frons slightly narrower than width of one eye. Gonostyles in male genitalia massive and broad; hypoproct broad and blunt apically, posterior margin almost straight and with pubescent lobes on anterolateral corners [Fig. 17]. S. (S.) limpidus (Edwards, 1923)
b	Wing with brownish spots on the apex of R4+5 and in the middle of cell r1 and otherwise with several distinct and indistinct dark spots [Fig. 15][Fig. 36].	6
6a	Wing strongly darkened apically and with two isolated pale spots (those in r2+3 and r4+5 are not contiguous) [Fig. 13]. Halters with blackish knob. Gonocoxites swollen apically and massive, almost rectangular in basal half, narrowed and lightly S-curved apically [Fig. 12]. S. (S.) suzukii (Matsumura, 1916)
b	Wing with pale spots in r2+3 and r4+5 contiguous or pale area larger and connected to pale areas posterior of R4+5 [Fig. 15].	7
7a	Dark apical spot in wing isolated and as a rule at most as long as the distance to the tip of R2+3, posterior margin distinct or indistinct [Fig. 36][Fig. 10].	8
b	Dark apical spot usually without distinct posterior margin and connected posteriorly with the dark marking stretching across r1 and r2+3, as a rule at least 1.5 time as long as the distance to the tip of R2+3. Males holoptic. Distance between bases of M1 and M2 equal to or 1.5 as long as the distance between the bases of M2 and M3 [Fig. 15][Fig. 21].	11
8a	Males holoptic, frons no wider than one ommatidion [Fig. 39]. Gonostyles short. Apical spot of wing dark and distinct [Fig. 10]. [Median stripe on mesonotum reaching scutellum?]	9
b	Males dichoptic, eyes widely separated. Gonostyles elongated. Apical spot of wing with indistinct posterior margin [Fig. 36]. [Median stripe on mesonotum not reaching scutellum?].	10
9a	Gonostyles almost rectangular at base and with narrow pointed posterolateral projection, parameres (claspers?) not visible; aedeagal guide broad and posterior margin is clearly not its narrowest part [Fig. 9]. S. (S.) zetterstedti (Edwards, 1923)
b	Gonostyles large, almost rectangular at base and with narrow truncate posterolateral projection; parameres well visible and with spoon-like apex; aedeagal guide less broad and gradually narrowing posteriorly [Fig. 37]. Female unknown. S. (S.) baechlii Haenni, 1997
10a	Male: Hypoproct broadly rounded and with distal pubescent lobes; gonostyles massive and without laterobasal projection [Fig. 35]. Female: subgenital plate with two parallel dark bars [Fig. 29]. [Distance between bases of M1 and M2 about equal to distance between the bases of M2 and M3?] S. (S.) cinctus (Fabricius, 1787)
b	Male: Hypoproct narrowed apically, with posterior emargination and with median pubescent lobes; gonostyles narrower and with short laterobasal projection [Fig. 28]. Female: subgenital plate without parallel dark bars [Fig. 22]. [Distance between bases of M1 and M2 about equal to 1.5 the distance between the bases of M2 and M3?] S. (S.) fenestralis (Scopoli, 1763)
11a	Pale spot in r2+3 distinct and surrounded by well developed dark spots; apex of R2+3 completely darkened [Fig. 21]. Halters pale. Hypoproct massive, almost rectangular; gonostyles massive and trapezium shaped [Fig. 20]. S. (S.) japonicus (Matsumura, 1915)
b	Pale spot in r2+3 indistinct and surrounded by less distict dark markings; apex of R2+3 not darkened [Fig. 15]. Male halters with darkened knob. Hypoproct somewhat narrowed apically and with posterior emargination; gonostyles elongated and curved [Fig. 14]. S. (S.) matsumurai (Okada, 1935)

Images

Figure 5. Sylvicola (Sylvicola) zetterstedti: female genitalia.

Figure 6. Sylvicola (Sylvicola) zetterstedti: male genitalia.

Figure 7. Sylvicola (Sylvicola) zetterstedti: female genitalia.

Figure 8. Sylvicola (Sylvicola) zetterstedti: male genitalia.

Figure 9. Sylvicola (Sylvicola) zetterstedti: male genitalia.

Figure 10. Sylvicola (Sylvicola) zetterstedti: wing.

Figure 11. Sylvicola (Sylvicola) suzukii: male genitalia.

Figure 12. Sylvicola (Sylvicola) suzukii: male genitalia.

Figure 13. Sylvicola (Sylvicola) suzukii: wing.

Figure 14. Sylvicola (Sylvicola) matsumurai: male genitalia.

Figure 15. Sylvicola (Sylvicola) matsumurai: wing.

Figure 16. Sylvicola (Sylvicola) limpidus: male genitalia.

Figure 17. Sylvicola (Sylvicola) limpidus: male genitalia.

Figure 18. Sylvicola (Sylvicola) limpidus: wing.

Figure 19. Sylvicola (Sylvicola) japonicus: male genitalia.

Figure 20. Sylvicola (Sylvicola) japonicus: male genitalia.

Figure 21. Sylvicola (Sylvicola) japonicus: wing.

Figure 22. Sylvicola (Sylvicola) fenestralis: female genitalia.

Figure 23. Sylvicola (Sylvicola) fenestralis: male genitalia.

Figure 24. Sylvicola (Sylvicola) fenestralis: female genitalia.

Figure 25. Sylvicola (Sylvicola) fenestralis: female genitalia.

Figure 26. Sylvicola (Sylvicola) fenestralis: male genitalia.

Figure 27. Sylvicola (Sylvicola) fenestralis: male genitalia.

Figure 28. Sylvicola (Sylvicola) fenestralis: male genitalia.

Figure 29. Sylvicola (Sylvicola) cinctus: female genitalia.

Figure 30. Sylvicola (Sylvicola) cinctus: male genitalia.

Figure 31. Sylvicola (Sylvicola) cinctus: female genitalia.

Figure 32. Sylvicola (Sylvicola) cinctus: female genitalia.

Figure 33. Sylvicola (Sylvicola) cinctus: male genitalia.

Figure 34. Sylvicola (Sylvicola) cinctus: male genitalia.

Figure 35. Sylvicola (Sylvicola) cinctus: male genitalia.

Figure 36. Sylvicola (Sylvicola) cinctus: wing.

Figure 37. Sylvicola (Sylvicola) baechlii: male genitalia.

Figure 38. Sylvicola (Sylvicola) baechlii: wing.

Figure 39. Sylvicola (Sylvicola) baechlii: male head.

Figure 40. Sylvicola (Anisopoda) stackelbergi: male genitalia.

Figure 41. Sylvicola (Anisopoda) stackelbergi: male genitalia.

Figure 42. Sylvicola (Anisopoda) stackelbergi: male genitalia.

Figure 43. Sylvicola (Anisopoda) stackelbergi: wing.

Figure 44. Sylvicola (Anisopoda) punctatus: female genitalia.

Figure 45. Sylvicola (Anisopoda) punctatus: female genitalia.

Figure 46. Sylvicola (Anisopoda) punctatus: male genitalia.

Figure 47. Sylvicola (Anisopoda) punctatus: male genitalia.

Figure 48. Sylvicola (Anisopoda) punctatus: male genitalia.

Figure 49. Sylvicola (Anisopoda) punctatus: wing.

Figure 50. Sylvicola (Anisopoda) fuscatus: male genitalia.

Figure 51. Sylvicola (Anisopoda) fuscatus: male genitalia.

Figure 52. Sylvicola (Anisopoda) fuscatus: male genitalia.

Figure 53. Sylvicola (Anisopoda) fuscatus: male genitalia.

Figure 54. Sylvicola (Anisopoda) fuscatus: wing.

Figure 55. Sylvicola (Anisopoda) fuscatoides: male genitalia.

Figure 56. Sylvicola (Anisopoda) fuscatoides: male genitalia.

Figure 57. Sylvicola (Anisopoda) fuscatoides: wing.